UNDERSTANDING THE CHALLENGES: WHY PAKISTAN HAS FAILED TO ADDRESS CLIMATE CHANGE

Abstract

Pakistan, a country highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, faces significant challenges in effectively addressing this global issue. This paper examines the multifaceted reasons underlying Pakistan's insufficient response to climate change mitigation and adaptation efforts. Through a comprehensive analysis of the country's policy frameworks, socio-economic dynamics, political landscape, international commitments, technological barriers, and financial constraints, this study identifies key systemic deficiencies. The analysis reveals that Pakistan's environmental policy framework lacks coherence and faces implementation challenges due to institutional weaknesses and competing socio-economic priorities. Political instability and governance issues further hinder policy implementation and sustainable development efforts. Despite participating in international climate agreements, Pakistan struggles with limited technological capabilities and inadequate financial resources for climate-related initiatives. Moreover, public awareness about climate change remains low, posing a barrier to fostering a culture of environmental stewardship. To address these challenges effectively, Pakistan needs integrated strategies that reconcile economic development with environmental sustainability, strengthen governance structures, and enhance international cooperation. Such efforts are crucial not only for Pakistan's resilience to climate impacts but also for contributing to global climate change mitigation efforts. This paper concludes by proposing recommendations for policymakers, emphasizing the urgency of adopting proactive measures to build climate resilience and achieve sustainable development goals in Pakistan and beyond.