COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE PARIS AND BERNE CONVENTIONS: SCOPE, PRINCIPLES, AND IMPACT ON INTERNATIONAL INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW

Abstract

The Paris and Berne Conventions serve as foundational treaties in the international intellectual property (IP) legal framework. While the Paris Convention focuses predominantly on industrial property rights such as patents, trademarks, and industrial designs, the Berne Convention focuses on copyright protection for literary and artistic works. This study offers an in-depth comparative evaluation of these two conventions, by exploring their scope, key foundational principles such as national treatment, automatic protection, and minimum standards-and their combined influence on the harmonization and enforcement of international IP law. The study further explores contemporary challenges posed by digital technologies and globalization, assessing the conventions’ ongoing significance and the role of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) in their administration. The research is grounded in authentic open-access sources, including WIPO publications, legal commentaries, and scholarly articles,to present an evidence-based evaluation of the conventions' contributions and limitations.