AN ANALYSIS OF NATIONAL IDEOLOGICAL CONSTRUCTS IN EVOLVING PERSPECTIVES ON DISABILITY IN BUILT ENVIRONMENT DESIGN: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF THE SOCIAL AND MEDICAL MODELS IN CONTEMPORARY LITERATURE

Abstract

The built environment serves as a canvas upon which society's attitudes and perceptions towards disability are reflected and perpetuated. This comprehensive review explores the dynamic interplay between the social and medical models of disability within contemporary literature, particularly in the context of built environment design. Historically, the medical model has dominated discourse, framing disability as a personal deficit requiring medical intervention. However, a paradigm shift towards the social model has progressively gained traction, emphasizing the role of societal barriers in disabling individuals. Within this evolving landscape, the built environment emerges as a critical arena where these models converge and diverge. This review critically examines the implications of these models on the design and accessibility of built environments. It highlights the importance of adopting a holistic approach that acknowledges the socio-cultural dimensions of disability while integrating principles of universal design. Furthermore, it explores emerging trends such as inclusive design, which prioritize the diverse needs and experiences of individuals with disabilities. Through an interdisciplinary lens encompassing architecture, urban planning, sociology, and disability studies, this review elucidates the nuanced nuances of evolving perspectives on disability in built environment design. By synthesizing current literature and identifying key areas for future research and practice, it offers insights to inform inclusive design strategies and promote greater equity and accessibility for all members of society.