POLITICAL INSTABILITY IN PAKISTAN: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY

Abstract

Political instability has been a persistent challenge in Pakistan, characterized by frequent changes in government, weak democratic institutions, and a history of military interventions. This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the factors contributing to political instability in Pakistan. Using a mix of qualitative and quantitative research methods, including historical analysis, case studies, and surveys, the study examines key drivers such as socio-economic disparities, regional conflicts, institutional weaknesses, and external influences. The findings reveal that political instability in Pakistan is rooted in a complex interplay of domestic and external factors. Socio-economic disparities, including poverty, inequality, and lack of access to basic services, contribute to social unrest and political discontent. Regional conflicts, particularly in areas like Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, exacerbate tensions and fuel separatist movements. Weak democratic institutions, marked by corruption, nepotism, and inefficiency, undermine the legitimacy of the government and erode public trust in the political system. Furthermore, Pakistan's geopolitical dynamics, including its relationship with neighboring countries and global powers, influence domestic politics and contribute to instability. External factors such as foreign aid, military assistance, and international alliances shape the country's political landscape and often lead to dependency and vulnerabilities. The study concludes with recommendations for addressing political instability in Pakistan, including strengthening democratic institutions, promoting inclusive governance, addressing socio-economic disparities, resolving regional conflicts through dialogue and reconciliation, and fostering constructive engagement with the international community. Addressing these issues is crucial for building a stable and prosperous Pakistan that can effectively address the challenges of the 21st century.