IMPACT OF ACROSS GENERATIONAL TRANSMISSION OF PARENTAL PRACTICES ON EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONING; MODERATING ROLE OF GENDER AND AGE

Abstract

This study investigates the acrossgenerational transmission of parental practices and their influence on executive functioning across three generations (X, Y, and Z) in Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan. With a sample size of 400 participants evenly distributed across genders, the study utilizes the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), the Executive Function Questionnaire for Adults, and a Demographic Questionnaire to assess parental practices, executive functioning, and demographic variables. Data collection involves administering questionnaires via the paper-pen method, supplemented by interviews for older adults. Correlation analysis reveals significant relationships between parental practices and executive functioning across generations. Linear regression analysis illustrates the impact of parental practices on changes in executive functioning. Additionally, t-tests and ANOVA indicate significant differences across demographic variables. The findings contribute to indigenous literature by elucidating the effects of parental practices on executive functioning, considering variations across generations, genders, and cultural/environmental factors. Understanding the transmission of parental practices and changes over time can inform family counseling sessions and interventions aimed at enhancing executive functioning skills. Overall, this study sheds light on the complex dynamics of parental practices and their implications for individual development across different generations and cultural contexts.