IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON WHEAT PRODUCTIVITY: FARMERS PERSPECTIVES

Abstract

Wheat has played a vital role in global food security and is a staple food for communities around the world. With the global population expected to rise, the demand for wheat will inevitably increase. However, climate change poses a significant threat to agricultural productivity and food security, and wheat is one of the crops most affected. Given the impact of climate change on declining crop productivity, it is crucial to assess its effect on wheat production. The present study was conducted in the district of Narowal, where 120 respondents were selected to collect data through a well-prepared interview schedule. After data collection, the information was analyzed using statistical software. The results revealed that Akbar-2019, Faisalabad-2008, and Galaxy-2013 were the major wheat varieties cultivated by farmers in the area. A significant majority (84.5%) of the farmers reported an increase in heat intensity over the past five years. Similarly, the majority reported that, due to climate change, the average wheat production in their area had decreased. Additionally, 48.5% of farmers observed premature ripening of the crop. Farmers were asked to categorize their responses regarding the impact of climate change on wheat. Most responses fell under the category of "Medium Extent," with weed growth incidence, pest and disease incidence, reduced soil fertility, lack of water supply, and increased flooding risks reported by 38.5%, 43.4%, 48.4%, and 38.5% of farmers, respectively. There is a need to adopt practices that minimize the impact of climate change. Key practices include cultivating climate-resistant varieties (adopted by 44.4% of farmers), practicing timely cultivation (84.4%), and using insecticides and pesticides (86.9%). In light of the study's findings, steps must be taken to mitigate the effects of climate change. Government and local communities should collaborate, especially in changing agricultural practices and lifestyles. National and international campaigns should be initiated, and policies developed to combat climate change. Additionally, penalties should be imposed on those who violate these policies and regulations.