A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF CRIMES AGAINST LIVESTOCK: FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE PENAL CODE OF AFGHANISTAN

Abstract

This study offers a critical analysis of crimes against animals as defined by the Penal Code of Afghanistan, looking into the regulations, difficulties in enforcing the law, and cultural factors affecting animal care in Afghanistan. The Penal Code of Afghanistan discusses these crimes in detail, specifically from Article 898 to Article 900 and categorizes crimes against animals into three parts: harming and killing animals, abusing and mutilating domestic animals, and fighting animals and birds. The aim of the research is to improve animal protection and care for animals in Afghanistan, strengthen its animal welfare system, and clarify the position of the Penal Code of Afghanistan regarding crimes against animals. The importance of this study is to foster legal reform, enhance enforcement, promote public awareness, improve the moral foundation of society as a whole, develop a culture of sensitivity and accountability, and establish a strong system for the welfare of animals in Afghanistan. This work employs the doctrinal research methodology along with descriptive, explanatory, and analytical research approaches. It is worth mentioning that this research study is entirely based on library sources. Most of the sources are reputable and trustworthy textbooks, scholarly published and unpublished journal articles, law reports, and online websites related to the research area. The findings underscore the need for enhanced legal reforms, improved judicial capacity, and greater accountability to ensure a safer and more equitable environment for livestock. This research contributes to the ongoing discourse on livestock and birds’ welfare in Afghanistan, offering insights for policymaker and livestock professionals aiming to strengthen the intersection of law and environment.