WOMEN IN THE SHADOWS: IDENTIFYING THE CHALLENGES TO FEMALE POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IN PAKISTAN: A CASE STUDY OF KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA

Abstract

This research paper explores the multifaceted challenges to female political participation in Pakistan, focusing specifically on the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) province. Despite constitutional guarantees and international commitments, women's political representation in KPK remains significantly low due to entrenched socio-cultural norms, systemic gender biases, and institutional barriers. The study employs qualitative method approach, and surveys with qualitative insights from interviews with female politicians, activists, and experts. Key findings reveal that patriarchal structures, lack of education, economic dependency, and limited access to political networks significantly hinder women's political engagement. Additionally, the analysis highlights the impact of security concerns and political violence on women's participation. The paper argues for comprehensive policy reforms, including gender-sensitive electoral policies, capacity-building programs for women, and initiatives to foster a more inclusive political culture. By providing a detail understanding of the impediments to female political participation in KPK, this study contributes to the broader discourse on gender equality in political representation in Pakistan and offers actionable recommendations to enhance women's role in the political arena. The findings underscore the need for concerted efforts by the government, civil society, and international organizations to address these challenges and promote a more equitable and participatory political environment.