EXPLORING THE PREVALENCE OF NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES IN PAKISTAN: A PUBLIC HEALTH PERSPECTIVE

Abstract

In Pakistan, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) pose a significant public health challenge. This study undertakes a systematic literature review to examine the prevalence of NCDs in the country, focusing on pertinent risk factors and associated health implications. The primary aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of non-communicable diseases among the Pakistani population, emphasizing key risk factors and their impact on public health. A systematic review of literature published between 2008 and 2020 was conducted, encompassing studies conducted within Pakistan. Relevant data regarding NCDs and their associated risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes, obesity, physical inactivity, and tobacco use, were analyzed and synthesized. The review revealed a high prevalence of NCD risk factors among the Pakistani population, with rates ranging from 8% to 53%. Key risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, physical inactivity, and tobacco use were identified as significant contributors to the overall NCD burden. Furthermore, the consumption of unhealthy diets low in fruits and vegetables but high in fats and sugars was found to exacerbate the prevalence of NCDs. Non-communicable diseases account for more than 50% of deaths in Pakistan, underscoring the urgent need for the implementation of effective public health interventions and strategies. The study highlights the importance of enhancing NCD research, establishing comprehensive training programs, and fostering improved healthcare coordination to effectively address the escalating public health challenges posed by NCDs in Pakistan.